Gendana Konti: Kwinjiza Miliyoni 1 y’Abagore muri Banki

Imibare iravuga neza: mu Rwanda, ikoreshwa rya telefoni ryavuye kuri 35% mu 2010 rigera kuri 87% mu 2024. Ariko hari ikintu cy’abantu benshi bacikwa: kuba ufite telefoni ntibihita bivuze ko uri mu rwego rwa banki. Kandi ku bagore, iryo tandukaniro riracyari rinini.

Niho Gendana Konti yinjirira—umushinga wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) ugamije guhuza konti za banki na telefoni, kugira ngo umugore ashobore kwizigama, kwishyura, kohereza no kwakira amafaranga adafashe urugendo ruja kuri banki. Uyu mushinga si “mobile money isanzwe”; ni uburyo bwo kwinjiza umugore mu rwego rw’imari rusanzwe (formal banking) mbere yo kumuha uburyo bwo kuyikoresha kuri telefoni.

Kandi iyo urebeye mu murongo w’uruhererekane rw’inyandiko zacu “Uko AI Ihindura Urwego rwa Fintech n’Ubwishyu Bukoresheje Telefoni mu Rwanda”, Gendana Konti ni ikimenyetso cy’uko u Rwanda ruri kubaka fintech ishingiye ku baturage benshi—kandi AI ishobora kuba “imbarutso” ituma ibyo bikorwa ku gipimo kinini, vuba, kandi mu buryo bwizewe.

Kuki “konti ya banki kuri telefoni” ari ingenzi kurusha mobile money isanzwe

Ikintu cy’ingenzi Gendana Konti ikosora ni iki: mobile money irakoreshwa, ariko benshi ntibinjira muri banki. Mobile money ifasha kwishyura no kohereza amafaranga; ariko konti ya banki ifungura izindi muryango:

• Kwizigama ku nyungu (cyangwa ku mategeko asobanutse)
• Kugira amateka y’imikoreshereze y’amafaranga (transaction history) afasha mu kubona inguzanyo
• Kwegerezwa serivisi z’imari zirimo kwishingira, inguzanyo z’ishoramari, n’ibicuruzwa by’imari byubakiye ku konti

BNR yavuze ko intego atari “gukoresha mobile money gusa”, ahubwo ari gufasha abagore gufungura konti (cyangwa kongera gukoresha izasinziriye), hanyuma iyo konti ikaboneka kuri telefoni. Ibi birumvikana: niba ushaka ko umugore atangira kubaka ubushobozi bw’imari, ugomba kumuha urubuga rumufasha kubika no gukura amafaranga mu buryo buhamye.

Ikibazo kibabaza: abagore baracyasigaye inyuma

Imibare BNR yagaragaje igira icyo ivuga ku gapfukamunwa k’amahirwe:

• 72% by’abagore bakoresha serivisi zo kwishyura kuri telefoni
• 81% by’abagabo ni bo bazikoresha
• Hafi 1.16 miliyoni y’abagore (28%) ntibakoresha mobile payment services, akenshi kubera ubumenyi buke mu by’imari n’ikoranabuhanga

Iyo mibare isobanura ikintu kimwe: fintech y’u Rwanda izakura kurushaho ari uko itwaye n’abandi barimo abasigaye inyuma, cyane cyane abagore bo mu matsinda yo kuzigama, amakoperative, n’ubucuruzi buto.

Gendana Konti ikorera hehe, kandi ikemura akahe kantu ko mu buzima busanzwe?

Gendana Konti yatangirijwe (mu rwego rwo kwaguka) muri Kirehe ku wa 23 Ukuboza 2025. Ariko yari imaze gucishwa mu igerageza mu turere nka Nyaruguru, Nyamasheke, Ngoma na Rulindo, aho:

• abagore 120,000 bahawe amahugurwa y’imari (financial literacy)
• abarenga 30,000 bafashijwe gufungura konti cyangwa kongera gukoresha izari zarasinziriye, zikanahuzwa na telefoni

Uyu mushinga ugeze mu turere 10, kandi BNR yavuze ko uzaguka kurushaho.

Ibyo uhita wunguka: igihe, amafaranga, n’umutekano

Umugore umwe witabiriye ibiganiro bya BNR yavuze amagambo yoroshye ariko akomeye: “Biguha kugendana n’amafaranga yawe.”

Iyo ubishyize mu buzima busanzwe, “guhuzwa na telefoni” bisobanura:

• Kwishyura mituweli, amazi, umuriro, n’amasoko ukoresheje telefoni
• Kudatakaza amasaha mu rugendo no gutonda imirongo kuri banki cyangwa SACCO
• Kubona amafaranga mu gihe cy’ihutirwa (uburwayi, ikibazo cy’umuryango) vuba

Muri Kirehe, BNR yavuze ko 3% by’abakuze bagifite exclusion yuzuye (ntibagerwaho n’imari), kandi abagore ari bo benshi mu makoperative (65% by’abanyamuryango). Ibi ni byo bituma igisubizo gikwiye kitari “kwongera agent wa mobile money gusa”, ahubwo ari kubaka ihuriro rihuza amakoperative/SACCO/banki na telefoni.

Uko AI yafasha Gendana Konti kugera kuri “miliyoni 1” vuba kandi neza

Niba intego ari ukwinjiza abagore basigaye inyuma mu rwego rwa banki, ikibazo nyacyo si “konti ziri he?”—ni “ni gute bazazifungura, bazazikoresha, kandi bazazigumana?” Aha ni ho AI mu fintech igira akamaro kanini.

1) AI mu kwigisha no gufasha umukiriya (financial literacy coaching)

Abagore benshi bahagarikwa n’akantu koroheje: USSD menu, PIN, cyangwa uburyo bwo kwemeza transaction. AI ishobora gufasha mu buryo bworoshye kandi bugezweho:

• Chatbots mu Kinyarwanda zisubiza ibibazo by’ibanze (PIN yibagiranye, uko bagenzura balance, uko bishyura mituweli)
• “Micro-lessons” kuri telefoni: amasomo magufi 1-2 ku munsi ku bijyanye no kwizigama, inguzanyo, n’umutekano
• Ubutumwa bufitanye isano n’uko umuntu akoresha konti (personalized nudges): “Mu byumweru 4 umaze kwizigama RWF X, ushobora gushyiraho intego y’ishuri ry’umwana.”

Icyo nkunze kubona gikora ni kwigisha umuntu mu kanya—atari amaseminari maremare gusa. AI ibifasha kuko ishobora gutanga inyigisho “ku rugero rw’umuntu” kandi igihe cyose.

2) AI mu kugabanya fraud no kongera icyizere

Iyo umaze kwinjiza umukoresha mushya mu rwego rwa banki, intambwe ikurikiraho ni kumurinda uburiganya. AI ikoreshwa mu:

• Kumenya transaction zidasanzwe (anomaly detection)
• Kumenya uburyo scam zikunze gukorerwa ku baturage bashya ku ikoranabuhanga
• Guhita ifunga cyangwa ikadindiza transaction zikekwa, hanyuma hakabaho verification yihuse

Mu muryango, icyizere ni cyo kintu cya mbere gituma konti ikomeza gukoreshwa. Umuntu umwe uhuye na scam ashobora gusubira inyuma burundu.

3) AI mu “smart onboarding”: gufungura konti nta nkomyi

Gendana Konti ishingiye ku gufungura konti cyangwa kongera gukoresha izari zarasinziriye. AI ishobora gutuma “onboarding” yihuta:

• Kunoza isesengura ry’ibyangombwa (document checks)
• Kwerekana intambwe ku yindi ku buryo budatera ubwoba umukoresha
• Kugaragaza aho abantu benshi bacikiriza (drop-off points) kugira ngo serivisi zivugururwe

Ibi ntibisimbura amabanki cyangwa SACCO, ahubwo bibafasha gukora byinshi ku baturage benshi batabanje kongera ibiro n’imizigo y’akazi.

Ibyo amabanki, SACCO na fintech bakwiye gukora (n’uburyo bwo kubipima)

Kugira ngo uyu mushinga ugere ku ntego yo kwegera abagore basigaye inyuma, serivisi zigomba gukorwa “nk’izo telefoni” atari “nk’izo ku biro”. Dore ibyo natanga nk’inama zifatika:

Icyo wabanza: koroshya intambwe 3 z’ingenzi

1. Fungura/reaktivate konti: bisobanuke, bigire igihe gito, kandi n’uwize make abyumve.
2. Huza konti na telefoni: USSD igomba kuba yoroshye; app ni nziza ariko si buri wese uyifite.
3. Tangira ukoreshe serivisi imwe: nko kwishyura mituweli cyangwa kugura umuriro. Iyo bikunze, bindi birakurikiraho.

Metrics zo gukurikirana (kuko “kugera ku bantu” si ko gutsinda)

• Activation rate: ni bangahe bafungura konti bagahita bayikoresha mu minsi 30?
• Dormancy rate: konti zingana iki zisubira gusinzira nyuma y’amezi 3-6?
• Bill-pay adoption: bangahe bishyura mituweli/umuriro/amazi kuri konti ihujwe?
• Support load: ni ibibazo bingahe by’abakiriya bigaruka (PIN, menu, kwemeza transaction)? Aha ni ho AI assistant yaca ibintu.

Uko watsinda “digital literacy gap” mu matsinda y’abagore

Ntacyo bimaze kuvuga ngo “mwigishwe” gusa. Dore uburyo bukora:

• Gushyiraho abahagarariye itsinda (cooperative champions) bahabwa ubumenyi bwimbitse, bakigisha abandi
• Kwimakaza amahugurwa asubirwamo (refresher sessions) kuko kwiga rimwe ntibihagije
• Gutanga job aids zoroshye: amagambo 6-10 yo kwibuka (nko kurinda PIN, kwemeza izina ry’uwakira, n’ibindi)

Impamvu iyi gahunda igira uruhare mu hazaza ha fintech mu Rwanda

Kwinjiza abagore miliyoni 1 mu rwego rwa banki si umugambi w’imibare gusa. Ni “foundation” y’isoko. Iyo umugore ashyizwe mu rwego rw’imari:

• ubucuruzi buto burakura (cashflow iba isobanutse)
• umuryango ubona uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibihombo (resilience)
• fintech ibona abakoresha bashya, data yemewe, n’amahirwe yo gutanga serivisi nshya (inguzanyo, ubwishingizi, savings products)

Ikindi: iyo BNR ishyira imbaraga mu kwinjiza abantu mu rwego rw’imari, iba itanga ubutumwa bukomeye ku banyenganda: “mwubake serivisi z’abantu benshi, zirimo n’abatabasha kugera ku mashami ya banki.”

Intambwe zikurikira: icyo ushobora gukora uyu munsi

Niba uri umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’abagore, umucuruzi muto, cyangwa ukorera banki/SACCO/fintech, uyu ni umwanya mwiza wo gukora ibintu byoroshye ariko bifite ingaruka:

• Shaka uburyo konti za banki/SACCO z’abantu bawe zifungurwa cyangwa zikongera gukoreshwa, hanyuma zikahuzwa na telefoni
• Hitamo serivisi 1 yo gutangiriraho (nko kwishyura mituweli) kugira ngo abantu babone inyungu ako kanya
• Niba uri fintech, tekereza ku buryo AI assistant mu Kinyarwanda yakemura ibibazo 80% by’abakiriya (PIN, USSD, umutekano) mbere y’uko bihamagara call center

Iyi nyandiko iri mu ruhererekane “Uko AI Ihindura Urwego rwa Fintech n’Ubwishyu Bukoresheje Telefoni mu Rwanda”. Ubutumwa bwayo ni bumwe: telefoni si yo ntego—intego ni uguha abaturage ubushobozi bwo kugenzura amafaranga yabo, kubaka ejo hazaza, no gukura mu bukungu bwa digitale.

Niba intego ari ukwinjiza abagore benshi mu rwego rwa banki, igisubizo gikomeye ni uguhuza konti na telefoni no kubaka ubufasha bw’abakiriya bushingiye kuri AI, kugira ngo “gukoresha” bitarenza “gufungura konti.”

Ni iki ubona kiri kubuza abagore benshi bo mu gace kanyu gukoresha konti ihujwe na telefoni: ni ubumenyi, ikiguzi, cyangwa icyizere?